Understanding your A1C: Basics for diabetes management

The A1C test, made simple

An A1C test is a common blood test that measures your average blood sugar levels over the past two to three months. The higher your blood sugar, the higher your A1C result will be. A1C tests can help detect prediabetes or diabetes early, and track how well your blood sugar is being managed if you've already been diagnosed.

When to get tested

If you have diabetes, you’ll likely need the test at least twice a year. Even if you don’t, it’s a good idea to talk to your doctor — especially if you’re over 45 or have risk factors like high blood pressure or a family history of diabetes.

How the test works

You don’t need to fast. It’s a quick blood draw, or sometimes a finger prick (used for monitoring, not diagnosis). If you have diabetes, the A1C test gives a big-picture view of your average blood sugar over a few months. Daily checks show changes throughout the day. Together they offer a fuller picture for managing your health.

Understanding the results

A1C results are shown as a percentage — the higher the percentage, the higher your average blood sugar over the past two to three months. According to the American Diabetes Association (ADA), target levels vary based on age, overall health and other factors. For most adults with diabetes, the goal is to keep A1C below 7%.

General guidelines from the ADA:

• Less than 5.7% Normal blood sugar levels
• 5.7%–6.4%: Prediabetes
• 6.5% or higher: Diabetes

If you've been diagnosed with diabetes, lifestyle changes like healthy eating, regular exercise and medication can help lower your A1C. It’s important to work closely with your doctor to create a plan that keeps your blood sugar in a healthy range long-term.

How can GEHA help?

If you don’t have a primary care physician, it’s easy to find one near you. Use the GEHA’s Find Care tool to search for in-network providers and begin building your care team today.

Want to learn more?

Explore our Diabetes resources page for tools and support to help manage your health. You can also dive into our blog for tips on lifestyle choices, nutrition and everyday habits that can make a big difference in diabetes management.

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The information contained herein is for informational and educational purposes only. This information is not a substitute for professional medical advice and if you have questions regarding a medical condition, regimen, or treatment you should always seek the advice of a qualified health care provider. Never disregard or delay seeking medical advice from a qualified medical professional because of information you have read herein.

Sources:
American Diabetes Association: Understanding A1C Test